A full list of words used frequently in academic discussions and publications, co-authored by Anne Giles, M.A., M.S., L.P.C. and Tian Gan, Ph.D., is forthcoming.
Researchers have found that second language learners may need from 3 to 17 exposures to learn a new word.
As we create the list, we are writing accompanying review quizzes. We hope these review quizzes offer an interesting or amusing way to gain an exposure to an academic word or concept.
- More about the Academic Words project
With any feedback, questions, or corrections, please contact Anne Giles.
Please match the academic word with its correct definition.
#1
1. abstract 抽象 chōuxiàng
2. abstract 摘要 zhāiyào
3. analysis 分析 fēnxī
a. separation of something into its various parts
b. an idea or theory without concrete form
c. short summary statement from a research paper
Answers: 1b, 2c, 3a
#2
1. approach 方法 fāngfǎ
2. approach 靠近点儿 kàojìn diǎn er
3. area 地区 dìqū
a. the extent of a two-dimensional surface within a boundary
b. a method or way
c. move towards; to come closer
Answers: 1b, 2c, 3a
#3
1. assessment 评估 pínggū
2. assume 假设 jiǎshè
3. authority 权威 quánwēi
4. available 可用的 kěyòng de
a. the act of judging a person or situation or event
b. obtainable or accessible and ready for use or service
c. take to be the case or to be true; to hypothesize
d. the power or right to give orders or make decisions available
Answers: 1a, 2c, 3d, 4b
#4
1. assume 假设 jiǎshè
2. authority 权威 quánwēi
3. available 可用的 kěyòng de
a. the power or right to give orders or make decisions
b. obtainable or accessible and ready for use or service
c. take to be the case or to be true; to hypothesize
Answers: 1c, 2a, 3b
#5 – Review
1. abstract 抽象 chōuxiàng (hints: 抽 means draw out, e.g. take a drag on a cigarette; 象 has multiple meanings, including elephant and shape)
2. abstract 摘要 zhāiyào (hints: 摘 means take; 要 means want)
3. analysis 分析 fēnxī
4. approach 方法 fāngfǎ (hints: 方 means square; 法 means method)
5. approach 靠近点儿 kàojìn diǎn er (literal translation: lean close a little bit)
6. area 地区 dìqū
7. assessment 评估 pínggū
8. assume 假设 jiǎshè
9. authority 权威 quánwēi
10. available 可用的 kěyòng de
a. the extent of a two-dimensional surface within a boundary
b. a method or way
c. move towards; to come closer
d. separation of something into its various parts
e. an idea or theory without concrete form
f. short summary statement from a research paper
g. the act of judging a person or situation or event
h. obtainable or accessible and ready for use or service
i. take to be the case or to be true; to hypothesize
j. the power or right to give orders or make decisions available
Answers 1e, 2f, 3d, 4b, 5c, 6a, 7g, 8i, 9j, 10h
#6
1. benefit 利益 lìyì 好处 hǎochù
2. change 改变 gǎibiàn
3. concept 概念 gàiniàn
4. abstract 抽象 chōuxiàng
5. abstract 摘要 zhāiyào
a. an abstract or general idea inferred from specific instances
b. an idea or theory without specific or concrete form
c. something that aids or promotes well-being; the act of aiding
d. short summary statement from a research paper
e. to make different
Answers: 1c, 2e, 3a, 4b, 5d
#7
1. conclusion 结论 jiélùn
2. conference 会议 huì yì
3. consistent 一致的 yīzhì de
a. main results
b. the same throughout in structure or composition
c. formal meeting to discuss a topic
Answers: 1a, 2c, 3b
#8
1. bias 偏见 piānjiàn
2. elucidate 阐明 / 解释 chǎnmíng / jiěshì
3. establish 建立 jiànlì
4. establish 设立 shèlì (hint: 设 shè means “to plan”)
5. established 既定的 / 已建立 jìdìng de / yǐ jiànlì
a. set, fixed, previously decided
b. to set up, to found (example: found a company）
c. to set up, to build
d. favoring one over another
e. to clarify; to explain
Answers: 1d, 2e, 3c, 4b, 5a
#9
Review of similar words
1. abstract 抽象 chōuxiàng
2. abstract 摘要 zhāiyào
3. concept 概念 gàiniàn
4. establish 建立 jiànlì
5. establish 设立 shèlì
6. established 既定的 / 已建立 jìdìng de / yǐ jiànlì
a. an idea or theory without specific or concrete form
b. set, fixed, previously decided
c. short summary statement from a research paper
d. to set up, to found (example: found a company）
e. an abstract or general idea inferred from specific instances
f. to set up, to build
Answers: 1a , 2c, 3e, 4f, 5d, 6b
#10
1. estimate 估计 gūjì
2. evidence 证据 zhèngjù
3. export 出口 chūkǒu
a. sell or transfer abroad
b. data or knowledge with which to draw conclusions
c. to offer an approximate calculation
Answers: 1c, 2b, 3a
#11
1. experience 经历 jīnglì
2. explicit 明确 míng què
3. implicit 含蓄 hánxù
4. idea 想法 xiǎngfǎ
a. an invented concept
b. conscious undergoing of an event
c. meant or understood without being specified
d. clear-cut; definite; specific; concrete
Answers: 1b, 2d, 3c, 4a
#12
1. laboratory 实验室 shíyàn shì
2. proposal 提案 tí’àn
3. show 展示 zhǎnshì
4. summary 概括 gàikuò
5. abstract 简要概括 jiǎnyào gàikuò
a. brief summary statement introducing a research article
b. place for conducting research
c. main results
d. a plan submitted for consideration
e. to demonstrate
Answers: 1b ,2d, 3e, 4c , 5a
#13
1. abstract 抽象 chōuxiàng (hints: 抽 means draw out, e.g. take a drag on a cigarette; 象 has multiple meanings, including elephant and shape. “To draw out a shape” could be considered a metaphor for conceiving of an abstraction.)
2. abstract 摘要 zhāiyào (hints: 摘 means take; 要 means want)
3. summary 概括 gàikuò
4. brief summary 简要概括 jiǎnyào gàikuò (literal translation: simple want probable include)
5. concept 概念 gàiniàn
a. an idea or theory without specific or concrete form
b. short, formal summary from a research paper
c. short, general statement of main results
d. main results
e. an abstract or general idea inferred from specific instances
Answers: 1a, 2b, 3d, 4c, 5e
#14
1. the use of inductive logic 归纳逻辑 guīnà luójí
2. the use of deductive logic 演绎逻辑 yǎnyì luójí
3. example of inductive logic
4. example of deductive logic
a. Scientists and philosophers use this type of logic because they first make specific observations then infer general principles that might explain what they observe. These conclusions, however, may be incorrect.
b. The scientific method uses this type of logic because it tests hypotheses. If the hypothesis is correct, it would predict specific outcomes.
c. I see frogs in this place. Therefore, this must be a good place for frogs to live.
d. In this place, all the frogs are green. King Frog is in this place. Therefore King Frog is green.
Answers: 1a, 2b, 3c, 4d
An explanation of inductive and deductive logic is here.
#15
1. explicit 明确 míng què
2. implicit 含蓄 hánxù
3. inductive logic 归纳逻辑 guīnà luójí
4. deductive logic 演绎逻辑 yǎnyì luójí
a. from specific to general
b. clear-cut; definite; specific; concrete
c. from general to specific
d. meant or understood without being specified
Answers: 1b, 2d, 3a, 4c
#16
1. factor 因素 “because plain” yīnsù
2. financial 金融 jīnróng
3. model 模型 móxíng (“To model” means to create an example of something.)
4. simulation 模拟 mónǐ
a. involving fiscal and/or monetary matters
b. use of parameters to show something that exists or might exist. Usually demonstrates a process.
c. an example of something, often a miniature of a larger thing, often static
d. a component that contributes to a result
Answers: 1d, 2a, 3c, 4b
#17
1. abstract 抽象 chōuxiàng
2 abstract 摘要 zhāiyào
3. additional 额外的 éwài de
4. albeit 即使 jíshǐ
a. an idea or theory without specific or concrete form
b. although; in spite of; a concession about a comparison
c. short summary statement from a research paper
d. supplementing what is already present
Answers: 1a, 2c, 3d, 4b
#18
1. analysis 分析 fēnxī
2. approach 方法 fāngfǎ
3. approach 靠近点儿 kàojìn diǎn er
4. area 地区 dìqū
a. a method or way
b. move towards; to come closer
c. separation of something into its parts
d. the extent of a surface within a boundary
Answers: 1c, 2a , 3b , 4d
#19
1. assessment 评估 pínggū
2. assume 假设 jiǎshè
3. authority 权威 quánwēi
4. available 可用的 kěyòng de
a. the act of judging a person or situation or event
b. the power or right to give orders or make decisions
c. take to be the case or to be true; to hypothesize
d. obtainable or accessible and ready for use or service
Answers: 1a, 2c, 3b, 4d
#20
4. characteristic 典型的 diǎnxíng de 独特的 dútè de